August 2020: The Privacy Problem Revisited

         

The Privacy Problem Revisited


Many of us would be annoyed by the divulging of our private information such as where you live and many others would rationalize, “Well, if I have to get these ads to support the services provided by this site, then I’d rather they be targeted to my interests instead of a random choice --- either way I’m going to get the ads so that I won’t have to pay for the services the website provides. So the choice becomes: do I want to pay for the use of the website (like any other commodity) or do I pay by sharing some of my personal information? To paraphrase an old saying that sums this up, “When a website claims to be “free” you are the customer and you pay with your private information”.


In my experience, the younger generation is less concerned with protecting their privacy than is the older generation and the older you are the more the concern. During the early days of the Internet a story circulated about a fellow on the subway handing out forms that, when filled out, would capture much of the rider’s personal data. What was the gift to the riders for providing this information? A cheap plastic ballpoint pen. So, if you’re willing to give up your privacy for a cheap pen, it would seem to follow that you would do the same in return for the services of a Google search engine or a social platform such as Facebook.



An article by Cameron Summerson summarizes the argument for using Google and Facebook and paying with personal data.

https://www.howtogeek.com/353483/why-its-not-a-big-deal-that-google-and-facebook-knows-a-lot-about-you/ (If you don’t want to type that long URL, it might be simpler to search on “why it’s not a big deal that google and facebook knows about you”).


In a nutshell, he argues that you are not selling your personal data to the two tech giants. At best, you are leasing it to them in return for using the services the giants provide. Besides , he argues, Google and Facebook provide very strong security for your data (which makes sense because it is valuable to them.). Likewise, the advertiser who pays Google and Facebook to display his advertisement in your searches or feeds has a self interest in providing strong security for your data keeping it safe and private for the same reason --- it is valuable. Once the user clicks on their ad and is taken to the advertiser’s website then any information that you give about yourself is your own personal choice. And finally both Google and Facebook as well as most Big Tech companies claim that the data is anonymized before being distributed. “ Data Anonymization” is defined as a "process by which personal data is irreversibly altered in such a way that a data subject can no longer be identified directly or indirectly, either by the data controller alone or in collaboration with any other party." (Wikipedia). So the question becomes do we take Google and Facebook at their word? Can they really keep our data private? But even if we choose to trust them, to make matters more complicated, it is possible for a hacker to de- anonymize the anonymized data to the point where your identity is discovered! “De-anonymization is the practice of matching anonymous data (also known as de-identified data) with publicly available information, or auxiliary data, in order to discover the individual to which the data belong to. “ (Wikipedia)


However, to make matters even more complex, de-anonymization is not foolproof and the name of the person can be found using simple computer techniques. For example,

” Mr. X lives in ZIP code 02138 and was born July 31, 1945. ... narrows down the population, so much so that the combination of (gender, ZIP code, birthdate) was unique for about 87% of the U.S. population. ... show that people can potentially be re-identified by these kinds of data, not that everyone will be.” (https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2009/09/what-information-personally-identifiable)



By now you might be asking: how is all this head-spinning information useful to me? We protect our privacy by reading what the experts have to say; if you search on the phrase “how to protect my privacy” you will be rewarded with a plethora of sites to visit that provide advice. In fact I made this search and was impressed by an article in Time Magazine entitled “11 Simple Ways to Protect Your Privacy” by Christina DesMarais. She makes suggestions that range from “Don’t fill out your social media profile” to “Lie when setting up password security questions”. Although these sound counter-intuitive, if you search on the title to the article, DesMarais explains why these are reasonable precautions.


How to protect our privacy is not a new problem spawned by the Internet. The issue has been around for at least 100 years. “Lewis Brandeis and his law partner Samuel Warren published “The Right to Privacy” in the Harvard Law Review in 1890, where it became the first major article to advocate for a legal right to privacy.” (Wikipedia)


Brandeis succinctly summed up his beliefs in the much-quoted phrase, “ Privacy is the right to be let alone” He was right over 100 years ago and he is right today.

The Evolving Internet

I ran into  an engaging piece in the New yorker, “”Second Career Dept”  by Antonia Hichens that was entitled, “What do you do after you’ve been fired by the Trump Administration?”  I was hooked. She goes on to explain about how a new Internet Service at cameo.com where, for a fee, you can send a video message from a menagerie of semi-famous people like George Papadopoulpos (whose very name stretches your spelling ability) who, if you can still recall, was one of Trump’s early advisors. As an example, for a Father’s Day gift you can send Dad a video featuring Papadopoulpos (or even a Trump impersonator) wishing him well.

Intrigued, I visited cameo.com to see for myself their list of semi-famous celebs and how much they charge for the honor of receiving a video containing their best wishes. Obviously, no one Really famous (like Bob Dylan or Bruce Springsteen) needs to stoop to this level to make a living but there are a surprising number of second-rate celebs who enjoy or need to do this. 

Upon entering the site one is met with a header page that is essentially a table of contents indicating various categories such as “Popular” “Sports” “Comedy” etc where you can pick a pseudo celebrity and the type of message you want them to send to your chosen loved one.. Before you commit to purchase, you may view sample videos that the celeb has already delivered so you can have a better idea of what you’re buying into.

I sampled Isiaih Thomas, Basketball Hall of Famer (Cost $245) and got a short but inspiring pep talk; (Brett Favre was $300) On the other hand, I found Gilbert Godfried’s schtick costing $150 disappointing but was quite amused by John Di Domenico’s impersonation of Trump for $180. 

Not to mention, there are over 250 Drag Queens from which to choose. Just browsing the site was an eye-opening and nice mindless distraction from our “New Normal”.

Cameo’s COO, Arthur Leopold is quoted in the article, “We’ve democratized access to talent and celebrity. You don’t have to go to a fund-raiser at the Beverly Hills hotel anymore”.  At first blush this may sound like pretty high-falutin sentiments for a purveyor of bubble gum for the mind, but think about this: isn’t one of the great things about the Internet  that it is a leveler of opportunity --- resulting in greater social justice? Isn’t that a sweet addition to a democratic republic? Or not.

Anyone with a cell phone can access the Internet for entertainment, to shop, and even to access information to help make decisions to a degree greater than all the kings and queens of past centuries. Granted, it sure does feel like drinking from a fire hose and it’s difficult to separate the wheat from the chaff but after a while one learns which sources to trust and which to go to for their needs. My favorite medical site for health issues is The Mayo Clinic and I trust the New York Times, The Economist, and the Christian Science Monitor for general news reporting. My favorite comic strips are --- wait, let’s not go there. But you get the general idea.

I worked on the IILIAC IV project at the University of Illinois back in the late sixties. It was funded by ARPA (Advanced Research Projects agency) of the DOD( Department of Defense) but we perhaps over-optimistically believed the purpose of the project was to make the world a better place to live in. Using the ILLIAC IV, a massively parallel computer (it had 256 CPUs working in parallel),  we could, for example, write useful algorithms that could predict the weather faster and more accurately. Of course, this was also of great interest to the Department of Defense. DOD had another important goal: they wanted a computer system that could withstand a nuclear attack.  The obvious solution was to decentralize the location of our computing power by physically separating individual computers but linking them together via a Network so that they could cooperate and share information and in a safe, secure manner. In this way if one computer on the network went down for any reason, information could be routed around to another active computer on the multiply-connected network. Later, when free internet speech became an issue, this feature led to the aphorism coined by John Gilmore, “The Net interprets censorship as damage and routes around it.”  Gilmore (born 1955) is an American computer science innovator, Libertarian, Internet activist, and one of the founders of Electronic Frontier Foundation. (Wikipedia)

As the ARPAnet morphed into the Internet and civilian control, it was used first primarily by scientists worldwide to share papers. Personally, I found it very useful to be sitting in Champaign-Urbana Illinois running my programs on the computers at Stanford Research Institute (S.R.I.) in Menlo Park, Calif., U.C. because it was two hours earlier there and turn-around times for jobs submitted was way better.

Once the Internet was completely opened to individuals and businesses, the advantages of information sharing blossomed and today we reap those benefits as well as the problems. Many sites offer abundant services but at the price of giving up our personal privacy.  There is also a real danger of addiction especially to webtsites that offer pornograpy, games, auction sites, social networking and just plain old surfing the net. There  is a fair and balanced discussion of the Internet Addiction Disorder on Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_addiction_disorder

In the meanwhile, stay safe and, just like you adhere to the social contract by not running Stop signs, wear your mask.

Too  much Disinformation

Most everyone remembers a situation when they asked a friend, “How ya’ doin?”  and they hear, in grisly detail, too much information (abbreviated as TMI). You make a mental note to not ever ask this person how their operation went.

As H.L. Mencken (1880-1956) is said to have said, “No one ever went broke underestimating the intelligence of the American public.”  It’s acerbic but it’s wrong; it is not inclusive enough --- it should include, to some extent, everyone.. We all have been taken in one time or another because we are ruled by our emotions first, reason second. To be fair, there are other theories that claim emotion is not necessarily the enemy of reason but complements it.

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2014/09/18/emotion-is-not-the-enemy-of-reason/ 

However, for the purposes of this column, I will be  assuming that emotions and reason are mostly antagonists.

Many of the Iowa Caucus voters admitted that even on the day of voting their final decision was not yet formed but would probably be based on a last minute gut feeling about the candidate. If he or she doesn’t feel right about a candidate then that’s a deal breaker; emotions trump reason.  Reason, however, gets its chance after the gut has voted and is very, very good at rationalizing our choices.

So the question becomes whom do you trust? Trust of information is usually based on a gut feeling you experience towards the source of that information. The longer you feel that the source has worked for you over a long enough period of time, the greater the trust grows ( the New York Times was founded 170 years ago and I trust its reporting second only to the Christian Science Monitor), On the other hand if you believe the source to be biased, your trust is, at best, a maybe. We have evolved to  trust members of our clan more than outsiders. This is not necessarily a bad thing because this trait is more likely to get our genes into the next generation and it will contribute to our clan’s long-term survival.

Before newspapers were widespread, before radio and television began to saturate the airwaves and before  the Internet connected everyone to everyone, folks turned to friends, colleagues, neighbors and relatives to help them make up their minds about who to vote for and who to vote against. Why?  Simply because they trusted them. Our new technologies, especially the Internet, have added a vast amount of data and information to help us make useful decisions. (the short answer to your question is: Data is unorganized facts that are not useful in and of themselves --- but after the data is organized by some rule or classification system, it can become useful  Information). But the fact is that we are drowning in data that are not even facttual so that even if they become organized we cannot call it information, it is actually disinformation and we cannot really trust it.

So the problem becomes TMD (too much disinformation) because we have no precise way to disentangle disinformation from information, Even if we could disentangle the actual information from the disinformation  we will still have the problem raised by Groucho Marx, “ “Who you gonna’ believe --- Me,, or your own eyes?’” which is a comical way of saying that reason will always be trumped by emotion at least in the short run. Sometimes we are saved by Reason finally returning after a bad decision based on a gut feeling and changing course accordingly.  

This process is particularly evident during election campaigns. Since shortly after the dawn of time, lawyers and politicians have been distrusted.Most all politicians have studied law Shakespeare put it best when he wrote in his play, King Henry V1

“Nay, that I mean to do. Is not this a lamentable thing, that of the skin of an innocent lamb should be made parchment? that parchment, being scribbled o'er, should undo a man?”

In modern English he is saying what Dickens said a couple cenuries later,“the law is an ass” so watch out for lawyers. He  goes on to have one of his characters utter the well-known phrase, “First we kill all the Lawyers”. Most readerss analyze this as ridding soiety of leaches who prey on ouur misfortunes There are however those who have a radically differnt interpretion: In order for the character to overtrurnand take ovet  command of the ccountry th he would have to abolish the current laws and the lawyers with them.

In  our current situation where disinformation seems to rule the line would have to be updateed  to : “First we kill all the compter folks” and that would eventually bring down the internet and ,as a result much disinformatioin will not be spreae.==d. Unfortuantely, much useful info would all be lost --- like throwing the baby out with the bathwat3r

So, what to do, what to do? Well, a drastic remedy would be to follow a modified version of what Shakespeare wrote a couple of centuries ago:

“Whatever you do, don’t shoot me --- I’m just the messenger.”

The Internet and the Pandemic 

First an update to my previous column, “Monopoly just a Game?”. I used the early http://www.weather.com/weather/hourbyhour/graph/12901railroad industry  as an example of a monopoly but neglected to mention a more current example: 

Microsoft was  prosecuted as a monopoly in the late nineties. The accusation was that they deliberately exercised control of the computer market which was unfair to their competitors as well as causing consumers to pay more for their product. They had combined their operating system with their browser, “Internet Explorer” in such a way that it was nearly impossible for users to deploy other existing browsers such as Netscape Navigator and Firefox.  Microsoft countered that all they were doing was throwing in a free browser with their operating system. 

“The ruling on April 3, 2000, called for Microsoft to divide the company in half, creating two companies that were to be called "baby bills." The operating system would make up one half of the company and the software arm would make up the other.

Before this could be achieved, however, the fangs were removed from the ruling during the appeals process. However, rather than being broken by the antitrust ruling, Microsoft saw its once invincible market share erode due to the old-fashioned competition. As a result, many now wonder if bringing antitrust cases against non-coercive monopolies is merely a costly redundancy of work the free market can do at no charge.” 

The reader should keep in mind that this is an opinion from a website devoted to investors. (https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/08/microsoft-antitrust.asp)

During those times,  Bill Gates was viewed, (primarily by academics) as a bad guy because their social agenda was slanted more towards sharing (e.g. Information should be Free) than profiteering.

Nowadays, as most everyone knows, Gates is viewed as an enlightened philanthropist guiding the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation which is fighting hunger and poverty in less-developed countries. Is this an example of maturation or guilt? 

Now, back to the issue raised by the title of this piece. It’s pretty clear to me that, yes, the Internet like other modes of communication such as Newspaper, TV and Radio, by overwhelming us with information may have done more harm than good. (I’m undecided on that one)          

 One cannot help but notice the similarities between the Internet and the virus spreading like a meme or a tweet where they proliferate very, very quickly. Without knowing whom to trust, they can cause a very large commotion before it dies down.

So, is it possible to quarantine a website that is clearly infected with false information? Right now that is an issue that social media giants such as Facebook, Twitter and Google are currently struggling with. Given the estimated number of 

Internet users (there are about 4 billion active social media users (statista.com) it is close to impossible to address this problem in the same way a newspaper  can vet letters to the editor. A proposed solution to this problem is to harness AI to do the job for us. Clearly there will be those who object to an “artificially” intelligent agent making what are essentially human decisions for.us. It is hard not to develop a , “How dare you!?!?” attitude.

However, the other side of the argument is similar to that used by advocates of self-driving cars: Look, it’s not going to be perfect but neither will human decisions be perfect plus the AI doesn’t sleep, go for coffee breaks or have a bad day. And perhaps most importantly, the AI learns from experience --- something in short supply these days. Finding and removing trolls ( people who want to provoke and upset others online for their own amusement (howtogeek.com)). is more complicated as it is easy to create a fake username making it difficult to trace. One approach is to let the AI do the quarantining subject allowing  the offender to defend/challenge their submission similar to the your antivirus program quarantines potentially dangerous websites or downloads.Then you, the user, can decide later whether or not to lift the quarantine.

With regard to people, a quarantine is effective in that it contains the virus to a circumscribed area and even though the people inside that area are unlucky ,it stops the spread of the virus to the general population. Being only human, people become contentious when in quarantine while the programs your antivirus captives are quite docile.  

                                                                                         

Although I use this World Wide Web for most of the research I do for this column,

 I am beginning to think that the Internet, and social media in particular, may be, or certainly have the capacity to create more problems than it solves. If nothing else, the current pandemic has reminded us that we are indeed, all connected.

                       

Pros and Cons of Social Media Part 2

What do we really mean when we use the phrase, “social media”?  Of course, we know what “social” means and we know what “media” does. So we can deduce that “social media” is media like books, TV and internet websites that connect people to other people to pass information back and forth without having to be physically present as we do in conversation. After smoke signals,  perhaps the first social medium was realized through the telephone which made it possible to have conversations over long distances instead of face-to-face. A pessimist would conclude that we have accepted physical separation at the price of lost intimacy.

Next, consider the following two quotes:

 “A recent study by the online security firm AVG found that 92 percent of children under                                                                                                                                                                                             2 in the United States have some kind of online presence, whether a tagged photo, sonogram image or Facebook page. Life, it seems, begins not at birth but with online conception. And a child’s name is the link to that permanent record.” --- Allen Salkin, New York Times, Nov 27, 2011

"One particular advantage of social media is that they help a reporter see the intellectual and social network of a source. For example, in Twitter I can see whom you are following and who is following you. I can see what you have re-tweeted and what links you have selected. Therefore, I can understand more fully your social context." -- Jerry Zurek, professor of English and communication department chair at Cabrini College

The first quote appears to be a negative assessment of social media while the second a positive one. However, like many of  life’s problems, the pros and cons can be somewhat ambiguous but here is an example that is clearly positive:

“Twitter was so important to the Iranian protests after the Iranian presidential election in June 2009 that the US State Department asked Twitter to delay a scheduled network upgrade that would have taken the website offline at a busy time of day in Iran. Twitter complied and rescheduled the downtime to 1:30 am Tehran time.

Proponents of social networking sites argue that these online communities promote increased communication with friends and family, familiarize people with valuable computer skills, and allow contact with people from around the world.” --- to which I would add the important role that social media played in the 2011 Egyption Revolution.

And here is an assessment that accentuates the negative:
Opponents argue that social networking sites expose children to predators, increase vulnerability to computer viruses, lower worker productivity, and promote narcissism and short attention spans.” (source: http://socialnetworking.procon.org/)

If you were to ask, I would say the strongest and most general arguments pro and con are:

Pro: Social Media contributes to the happiness of both the individual and society.

Con: Social Media contributes to the unhappiness of both the individual and society.

But then  what do we mean by “happiness”. I know that I am happy when I am afforded the pleasure of being able to turn over and get a couple more hours of sleep --- but that’s just me. Someone else may be happy in knocking over little kids blocks or tormenting their cat. And even if we could all agree on a common definition of “happiness” --- how would we go about measuring it? Alas there is no Richter scale for Happiness. Also, the problem might be that there are too many possible ways to measure it.

In either case, the popularity of social websites such as Twitter, Facebook and Instagram continue to grow and appear to be living long and prospering.  And this raises yet another question.

We know that AT&T was broken up by the government into Baby Bells and has never  regained the market share or power it once held. AT&T was a monopoly in telephone production and distribution from its inception in 1882 until 1982. Because, according to Balaji Viswanathan, they grew and grew until they were essentially a monopoly and the government stepped in and shut them down. He goes on to  point out that the larger a company grows the more the government tends to regulate it until the overregulation leads to bankruptcy. He identifies Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon and Microsoft as the social media companies that are most likely to go bankrupt due to increased government regulation. Although I would not categorize Apple, Microsoft and Google as true Social media companies, they all provide a social medium via their email services (iCloud, Outlook and Gmail). He predicts the order from lowest to highest probability of bankruptcy as: Facebook, Google, Apple, Microsoft, Amazon. His reasoning can be found at: https://www.quora.com/Which-company-will-fall-first-Google-Apple-Facebook-Amazon-or-Microsoft

So, what do you think are the pros and cons of social media?

How does it Know?

There was an old Mel Brooks and Carl Reiner comedy sketch, “The Thousand-Year Old Man” where Brooks plays the role of the old man and Reiner plays a reporter interviewing him. Reiner poses the question,”In all of your experience, what do you consider to be mankind’s greatest invention?” Without skipping a beat, Brooks replies, “The Thermos Bottle”. Astounded, Reiner says, “The Thermos Bottle? (disappointed by this mundane choice) How do you figure that?” “Well”, replies Brooks, “In the winter, it keeps things warm... In the summer it keeps things cool. ....  How does it know?”

The joke in “How does it know” is based on the assumption that our technological tools 

have the capability to “know” something in the same way we humans know.  But,in fact, the Thermos bottle is not sentient, it is just obeying the laws of physics whereby the incorporation of a barrier within the thermos bottle retards the heat flow in either direction. This seems obvious for low-tech machines like Thermos bottles and cash registers and we are fast approaching a society that treats the newest computing technology as if it had a sort of intelligence.

But we are also willing to ascribe a certain amount of intelligence to many other animals..such as apes, dogs and cats, birds of all sorts (especially crows) and even sea creatures like dolphins and octopuses (octupi?) because we believe that intelligence requires a thinking process. But one  must be careful about defining “intelligence” because it’s a moving target. Just a generation or two ago the ability to add up a long list of numbers in your head was considered to be a sign of intelligence but when adding machines entered the picture, that ability was withdrawn as a criterion for measuring intelligence. As soon as it can be done by a machine, it does not qualify as an intelligent action.

Roughly 40 years ago, some researchers were beginning to describe computers as  “Thinking Machines” and in 1983 a company was formed with just that name. Its motto was:  “Some day we will build a thinking machine. It will be a truly intelligent machine. One that can see and hear and speak. A machine that will be proud of us.”  This bold claim was to be achieved using Artificial Intelligence or AI.

Be that as it may, advances in AI seem to be integral to the creation of an actual thinking machine. The reasoning is as follows: if the thinking process occurs in the mind and the mind exists in the brain then a computer could become a Thinking Machine if the  hardware and the software in a computer corresponded to the brain and the mind in intelligent creatures. As computer technology progresses, they more and more can act as if they possess intelligence --- thinking machines as it were.

But we have a long way to go. In 1950, Alan Turing proposed a scenario to determine if a computing machine could act intelligently: The simplest form of what has become known as the “Turing Test” is that of a Human in a room A  typing questions to an entity in a separate room B

that might be either a computer or another human. They can communicate only by keyboard. The human in room A  can ask any questions of what’s in room B. If, based on the responses from room B, the human in room A can not determine if Room B contains a computer or a human being or guesses wrong,  then Turing claims that we can say that the computer has demonstrated intelligence and the Turing test has been passed. 

One trick that humans have used to  distinguish between a computer or a human is to give it two large numbers to multiply; if the answer comes back too quickly, that’s evidence that it’s a computer and not a human being. And one way the computer can fool the human into thinking it’s not a computer is to make occasional spelling errors in response to questions.

Since then there have been many Turing tests resulting in contrary claims of success --- including that it is not even a valid test. One of the arguments goes: if a computer can fool you into thinking it’s a human being , is that enough to draw the conclusion that it is intelligent? Somehow an intelligence test that depends on the gullibility of a person doesn’t ring true. The counter is that the computer is not trying to fool you into thinking it’s human, it’s only trying to imitate a human. And  the back and forth continues. (see Wikipedia, “Turing test”)

Some believe the ultimate goal of AI is to construct an intelligence greater than our own. If we succeed, what is to stop these AIs from creating machines smarter that they are? Despite the contentious history of the human race, let us hope they will be proud of us and that we can live together in peace.

Immigrants and the Internet

I recently attended a seminar by  Professors Amy Montcastle, (Anthropology), Elizabeth Onasch, (Sociology) and Attorney Mark Schneider at the Institute for Ethics in Public Life at SUNY Plattsburgh where the topic was an examination of the current local migrant problems. Recently the Press Republican ran a series of articles about the individuals and families who were trying to immigrate to Canada via the Roxham road in Champlain. 

Overall, it was an enlightening experience highlighting the interactions between the cab drivers and the migrants. I was surprised to learn the cabbies were not all greedy capitalist entrepreneurs gouging the defenseless immigrants but many were very kind and helpful briefing the families on what to do at the border and even helping the disabled at the crossing.

All of this helped me to understand how complex the immigration proceedings are as well as sparking my interest in how the Internet plays a part in the process. Searching on queries such as “how does the internet affect migrants” returned more links than I needed for this column. What interested me the most was how the Internet helps and hurts the immigrants but before going further it is useful to review the distinctions between “Emigrate”,”Immigrate” and plain old “Migrate”:

“Emigrate” means to leave one's country to live in another. “Immigrate” is to come into another country to live permanently. “Migrate” is to move, like birds in the winter. The choice between emigrate, immigrate, and migrate depends on the sentence's point of view.

 (https://www.vocabulary.com › articles › emigrate-immigrate-migrate)

The most positive effects the Internet has on the migrants or immigrants is that it can keep them connected to the family members they are leaving as well to others on the same journey. The information passing amongst the migrants helps to make their journey more efficient and less unpleasant. It can range from sharing which routes are less dangerous and more accommodating  to posting the charges of cabbies so they are not ripped off on their final leg to Canada. These migrants are technology savvy --- they readily use WhatApp, Facebook and Skype to assist them on their journey.

At the other end, the Internet is used by organizations like Refugees Welcome International to match newly arrived immigrants with natives to ease their process of resettlement. Individuals and families in many countries (mostly in Europe) offer a spare room in their home or apartment to a matched immigrant. They are funded by local governments and private donations and is “convinced that refugees should not be stigmatized and excluded from society by being accommodated in camps. Instead, we should offer them a warm welcome. We believe we can establish a culture of open doors for refugees across the World.” Some call it the “Air BnB” of Europe. https://www.refugees-welcome.net

Of course, if there’s an upside there is usually a downside --- especially regarding the Internet.

The downsides of migrants using the Internet to help them is that the Internet is not like a book. After a book is published, it is finished, it does not change (ok, ok, until the next edition is published ). On the other hand, the Internet is in a constant flux: some of the information is new and reliable but some is outdated or incorrect and sadly, some is just not true. Many links are dead ends and cause everyone, not only immigrants a great deal of frustration and time wasted. “ It could mean applying for jobs that no longer exist. At worst, it could mean embarking on a dangerous migration journey based on incorrect visa or asylum information.”

https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/digital-litter-downside-using-technology-help-refugees

Most of us find this rapidly changing behavior of the Internet as merely annoying but to an immigrant the results can be disastrous and can make them more susceptible to exploitation and physical harm.

There are many other avenues the Internet provides to immigrants such as language apps to help them assimilate and coding schools to learn how to program and widen their job opportunities, But actually everyone pretty much everywhere have these same sorts of Internet opportunities provided by sites  like Ebay and Amazon and Google and Facebook and Netflix and Youtube and ... there is not enough space or time to mention all of them because they are being created and going extinct at a rate faster than I can type.

I guess I should not have been surprised by how much the Internet influences the migration process --- within the last 10 years it seems to have spread into every nook and cranny of every society on this globe. Like it or not, the motto of the Internet age seems to be, “Lead, Follow or Get Out of the Way.”